{"id":5793,"date":"2023-03-08T08:00:20","date_gmt":"2023-03-08T08:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vyrobcikabelu.cz\/?p=5793"},"modified":"2023-02-24T09:06:07","modified_gmt":"2023-02-24T09:06:07","slug":"vplyv-uv-ziarenia-na-vlastnosti-pvc-a-frnc-kablov-2-cast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vyrobcikabelu.cz\/sk\/vplyv-uv-ziarenia-na-vlastnosti-pvc-a-frnc-kablov-2-cast\/","title":{"rendered":"Vplyv UV \u017eiarenia na vlastnosti PVC a FRNC k\u00e1blov\u00a0 – 2.\u010das\u0165"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Starnutie materi\u00e1lov je fenom\u00e9n, ktor\u00fd determinuje \u017eivotnos\u0165 k\u00e1blov. Pripravili sme \u010dl\u00e1nok na t\u00fato t\u00e9mu. Jeho prv\u00fa \u010das\u0165 si m\u00f4\u017eete pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 tu<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Klimatick\u00e9 podmienky v\u00a0mieste sk\u00fa\u0161ky v\u00a0sledovanom obdob\u00ed 30.11.2020 \u2013 1.12.2022\u00a0<\/span>boli zadefinovan\u00e9 pod\u013ea SHMU.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>V\u00fdber hodnoten\u00fdch vzoriek bol zhodn\u00fd s\u00a0v\u00fdberom typov k\u00e1blov, na ktor\u00fdch sa hodnotilo zr\u00fdchlen\u00e9 starnutie a\u00a0je uveden\u00fd v\u00a0Tab.1.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tab. 1 Kon\u0161trukcia hodnoten\u00fdch k\u00e1blov<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Ozna\u010denie k\u00e1bla<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Izol\u00e1cia<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

V\u00fdpl\u0148<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pozn\u00e1mka<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

CYKY J5x2,5 Pb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

PVC YI1*<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR, LOI ca 30 %<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

PVC YM1*<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pb stabiliz\u00e1tor, DOP zm\u00e4k\u010dovadlo, TS 60 min\u00fat<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

CYKY J5x2,5 Ca<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

PVC YI1*<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR, LOI ca 30 %<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

PVC YM1*<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Ca-Zn stabiliz\u00e1tor, DIDP zm\u00e4k\u010dovadlo, TS min.\u00a0 40 min\u00fat<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

N2XH J 3×2,5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

XLPE*<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR, LOI ca 30 %<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR, LOI ca 35 %<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

XLPE sil\u00e1nom sie\u0165ovan\u00fd, LOI ca 17 %<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

CHKE-R J 3×2,5, \u010dierny<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR*<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR, LOI ca 30 %<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR, LOI ca 35 %<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR, LOI ca 32 %, \u010dierny pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

CHKE-R J 3×2,5 B2ca(s1,d1,a1)\u00a0 \u010dierny<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR*<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR, LOI ca 50 %<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR, LOI ca 35 %<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR, LOI ca 32 %, \u010dierny pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

CHKE-R J 3×2,5,\u00a0 oran\u017eov\u00fd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR*<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR, LOI ca 30 %<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR, LOI ca 35 %<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR, LOI ca 32 %,\u00a0 oran\u017eov\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

CHKE-R J 3×2,5 B2ca(s1,d1,a1)\u00a0 oran\u017eov\u00fd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR*<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR, LOI ca 50 %<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR, LOI ca 35 %<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

HFFR, LOI ca 32 %,\u00a0 oran\u017eov\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Harmonogram odberu vzoriek a\u00a0sk\u00fa\u0161ok vzoriek:\u00a0<\/span>Nasaden\u00e9 30.11.2020\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \"\"\u00a0<\/p>\n

Obr.1 Umiestnenie vzoriek v prv\u00fd de\u0148 sledovania 30. 11. 2020<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Postupne boli vzorky odoberan\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00edch term\u00ednoch v\u00a0zmysle nastaven\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu odberu vzoriek uveden\u00e9ho v\u00a0Tab.2.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tab. 2 Pl\u00e1n odberu vzoriek prirodzen\u00e9ho starnutia<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n

1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1.2.2021<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.6.2021<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.9.2021<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.12.2021<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.4.2022<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.8.2022<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.12.2022<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr.2 Vzorky k\u00e1blov po 2 ro\u010dnom starnut\u00ed v\u00a0prirodzen\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch podmienkach v\u00a0regi\u00f3ne Bratislava<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Pl\u00e1\u0161te PVC k\u00e1blov so stabiliz\u00e1torom vyhovuj\u00fa\u00a0<\/h2>\n

Z\u00e1verom m\u00f4\u017eeme skon\u0161tatova\u0165, \u017ee ani pri jednej z\u00a0kontrolovan\u00fdch vzoriek<\/strong> neboli pri stacion\u00e1rnom ulo\u017een\u00ed zaznamenan\u00e9 po dvojro\u010dnom ulo\u017een\u00ed\u00a0 vo vonkaj\u0161om nechr\u00e1nenom prostred\u00ed vystaven\u00e9ho vplyvu prirodzenej atmosf\u00e9ry \u017eiadne praskliny pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a<\/strong>. Absencia UV stabiliz\u00e1tora v\u00a0oran\u017eov\u00fdch vzork\u00e1ch ovplyvnila degrada\u010dn\u00fd proces farebn\u00e9ho masterbachu, \u010do sa prejavilo vyblednut\u00edm p\u00f4vodnej oran\u017eovej farby<\/strong> a\u017e skoro do bielej. Potvrdenie degrada\u010dn\u00e9ho procesu vplyvom vonkaj\u0161ieho prostredia, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm UV \u017eiarenia je dok\u00e1zan\u00e9 vyhodnocovac\u00edmi meraniami pevnosti v\u00a0\u0165ahu a\u00a0\u0165a\u017enosti pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a a\u00a0izol\u00e1cie. Degrada\u010dn\u00fd proces sa najviac prejavil na vzork\u00e1ch s\u00a0UV nestabilizovan\u00fdm pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165om (oran\u017eov\u00e9 vzorky \u010d.6 a\u00a0\u010d.7), \u010do potvrdzuje, \u017ee z\u00a0dlhodob\u00e9ho p\u00f4sobenia vonkaj\u0161ej atmosf\u00e9ry m\u00e1 najrozhoduj\u00facej\u0161\u00ed vplyv UV \u017eiarenie<\/strong>. Pokles \u0165a\u017enosti nestabilizovan\u00fdch pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165ov\u00fdch zmes\u00ed bol pod \u00farove\u0148 50 % z p\u00f4vodnej hodnoty.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bez stabiliz\u00e1tor\u016f v\u00a0pl\u00e1\u0161ti rad\u011bji NE<\/h2>\n

T\u00e1to hodnota je z\u00a0h\u013eadiska funk\u010dnosti k\u00e1bla neakceptovate\u013en\u00e1<\/strong>, preto\u017ee ak\u00e9ko\u013evek mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1hanie m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k\u00a0prasknutiu pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a a\u00a0t\u00fdm k\u00a0strate elektrickej pevnosti, \u010do m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok ukon\u010denie bezpe\u010dnej prev\u00e1dzky k\u00e1bla. Plat\u00ed to aj pri pevnej in\u0161tal\u00e1cii, kde tak\u00e9to mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1hanie m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 tepelnou roz\u0165a\u017enos\u0165ou v\u00a0r\u00e1mci zmeny klimatick\u00fdch, hlavne tepeln\u00fdch podmienok v\u00a0priebehu roka. Probl\u00e9m nie je tak\u00fd ak\u00fatny pri \u010diernych pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165och<\/strong>, kde \u010dierne farbivo je rie\u0161en\u00e9 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou pr\u00edmesami sadz\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa UV stabiliz\u00e1ciu. Niektor\u00ed v\u00fdrobcovia prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa do pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165ov UV stabiliz\u00e1tory, ale vzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee to nie je v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 pravidlo, pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 UV stabiliz\u00e1torov pri projektovan\u00ed mus\u00ed by\u0165 individu\u00e1lne posudzovan\u00e1 pre v\u0161etky projektovan\u00e9 k\u00e1ble.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obe vyhotovenia PVC pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165ov<\/strong> (Pb, Ca-Zn) vykazuj\u00fa v\u00a0\u010diernom UV stabilizovanom vyhotoven\u00ed ve\u013emi dobr\u00fa stabilitu<\/strong> proti vplyvom vonkaj\u0161ieho prostredia. Probl\u00e9mom PVC materi\u00e1lov je ich obmedzen\u00e9 pou\u017eitie v\u00a0r\u00e1mci s\u00fa\u010dasnej legislat\u00edvy z\u00a0po\u017eiarneho h\u013eadiska, kde rozhoduj\u00facim obmedzuj\u00facim faktorom je pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 halog\u00e9nov\u00fdch prvkov<\/strong> a\u00a0t\u00fdm neplnenie po\u017eiadavky normy EN 60754-1 (Sk\u00fa\u0161ka plynov vznikaj\u00facich pri horen\u00ed materi\u00e1lov z k\u00e1blov. \u010cas\u0165 1: Stanovenie obsahu halog\u00e9novod\u00edka).<\/span><\/p>\n

A ako dopadli HFFR k\u00e1ble?\u00a0<\/h2>\n

Pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 HFFR materi\u00e1ly \u010diernej farby (UV stabilizovan\u00e9 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165ou sadz\u00ed vo farbive) taktie\u017e vykazuj\u00fa ve\u013emi dobr\u00fa stabilitu<\/strong> vplyvom vonkaj\u0161ieho prostredia a\u00a0sp\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa v\u0161etky po\u017eiadavky z\u00a0h\u013eadiska legislat\u00edvy na po\u017eiarnu bezpe\u010dnos\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n

UV nestabilizovan\u00e9<\/strong> pl\u00e1\u0161te vykazuj\u00fa u\u017e po dvoch rokoch v\u00fdrazn\u00fd pokles \u0165a\u017enosti<\/strong> a\u00a0nie s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 na vo\u013en\u00e9 ulo\u017eenie vo vonkaj\u0161om nechr\u00e1nenom prostred\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zosie\u0165ovan\u00fd PE na izol\u00e1cii zost\u00e1va vynikaj\u00faci<\/h2>\n

V\u0161etky zmesi izol\u00e1ci\u00ed, vzh\u013eadom na ich vysok\u00fa mieru ochrany vonkaj\u0161\u00edm pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165om pred vonkaj\u0161\u00edmi vplyvmi si po\u010das celej doby zachovali v\u00a0podstate nemenn\u00e9 vlastnosti. Spomedzi t\u00fdchto materi\u00e1lov vynik\u00e1 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm izol\u00e1cia zo sie\u0165ovan\u00e9ho PE<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento pr\u00edspevok vznikol s podporou Slovenskej agent\u00fary pre v\u00fdskum a v\u00fdvoj (APVV) pod\u013ea zmluvy\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u010d. APVV-18-0028, . APVV-18-0029, APVV-19-0049.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Ing. Milan Dani\u0161, Ing. Rastislav Valach<\/span><\/p>\n

danis@vuki.sk<\/span><\/a>; <\/span>valach@vuki.sk<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Starnutie materi\u00e1lov je fenom\u00e9n, ktor\u00fd determinuje \u017eivotnos\u0165 k\u00e1blov. Pripravili sme \u010dl\u00e1nok na t\u00fato t\u00e9mu. Jeho prv\u00fa \u010das\u0165 si m\u00f4\u017eete pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 tu. Klimatick\u00e9 podmienky v\u00a0mieste sk\u00fa\u0161ky v\u00a0sledovanom obdob\u00ed 30.11.2020 \u2013 1.12.2022\u00a0boli zadefinovan\u00e9 pod\u013ea SHMU.\u00a0V\u00fdber hodnoten\u00fdch vzoriek bol zhodn\u00fd s\u00a0v\u00fdberom typov k\u00e1blov, … Pokra\u010dova\u0165<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":5788,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVplyv UV \u017eiarenia na vlastnosti PVC a FRNC k\u00e1blov\u00a0 - 2.\u010das\u0165 - AVK<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vyrobcikabelu.cz\/sk\/vplyv-uv-ziarenia-na-vlastnosti-pvc-a-frnc-kablov-2-cast\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vplyv UV \u017eiarenia na vlastnosti PVC a FRNC k\u00e1blov\u00a0 - 2.\u010das\u0165 - AVK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Starnutie materi\u00e1lov je fenom\u00e9n, ktor\u00fd determinuje \u017eivotnos\u0165 k\u00e1blov. Pripravili sme \u010dl\u00e1nok na t\u00fato t\u00e9mu. Jeho prv\u00fa \u010das\u0165 si m\u00f4\u017eete pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 tu. 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